armenian highlands garden of eden

[32], In chapter two, Legends of the Jews gives a brief description of the lower Gan Eden. He maintains that Eden was a real location in the Armenian highlands somewhere west of Lake Van (Eastern Turkey), the most northern corner of the inhabited world known to ancient Israelites. [16], According to Lars-Ivar Ringbom the paradisus terrestris is located in Takab in northwestern Iran.[17]. From the early modern era and on, the region came directly under Safavid Iranian rule. [36], Followers of the Latter-day Saint movement believe that after Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden they resided in a place known as Adam-ondi-Ahman, located in present-day Daviess County, Missouri. This page discusses the self-reported ancestry of the residents of The Highlands. (v.19). Tigris and Euphrates both have their headwaters in the area surrounding Mt. London-Chicago: British Library-University of Chicago Press, pp. A preserved blue mosaic is part of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia. Later, the Highlands were known as Armenia Major, a central region to the history of Armenians, and one of the four geopolitical regions associated with Armenians, the other three being Armenia Minor, Sophene, and Commagene.[5][6]. [1][2] Comparisons to Eden are also made in Genesis 13:10, Isaiah 51:3, Ezekiel 36:35, and Joel 2:3; Zechariah 14 and Ezekiel 47 use paradisical imagery without naming Eden. The Garden of Eden is the biblical earthly paradise created by God to be inhabited by his first human creation – Adam and Eve. The rabbis differentiate between Gan and Eden. Yale University Press, p. 111. [31], In the 1909 book Legends of the Jews, Louis Ginzberg compiled Jewish legends found in rabbinic literature. During the first half of the 19th century, the Ottoman-held parts of the Armenian Highlands comprising Western Armenia formed the boundary of the Ottoman and Russian spheres of influence, after the latter had completed its conquest of the Caucasus and Eastern Armenia at the expense of its suzerain, Qajar Iran, after four major wars spanning more than two centuries. Genesis 2:10–14 lists four rivers in association with the garden of Eden: Pishon, Gihon, Hiddekel (the Tigris), and Phirat (the Euphrates). The tree of knowledge is a hedge around the tree of life, which is so vast that "it would take a man five hundred years to traverse a distance equal to the diameter of the trunk". Homes for sale in Redmond WA with > 1 beds, $0 - $1.6M. The first is rather terrestrial, of abundant fertility and luxuriant vegetation, known as the "lower Gan Eden" (gan = garden). In the Divine Comedy, Dante places the Garden at the top of Mt. Ruben I, Prince of Armenia, led some Armenians out of the Highlands and escaped into the mountains of Cilicia, where they founded the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. EDEN (GARDEN OF) (including Pishon ... Euphrates) are known to have been in days of old, as they are to this day, near to one another and springing from the Armenian highlands. The location of Eden is described in Genesis 2:10–14: ″And a river departed from Eden to water the garden, and from there it divided and became four tributaries. Like the Genesis flood narrative, the Genesis creation narrative and the account of the Tower of Babel, the story of Eden echoes the Mesopotamian myth of a king, as a primordial man, who is placed in a divine garden to guard the Tree of Life. Most of the Armenian Highlands is in present-day eastern Anatolia, and also includes northwestern Iran, all of Armenia, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan. Much of Eastern Armenia, which had been ruled by the Safavids from the 16th century, became part of the Russian Empire in 1828 and was later incorporated into the Soviet Union, while much of Western Armenia was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and later incorporated into Turkey. The Armenian Highlands (Armenian: Հայկական լեռնաշխարհ, romanized: Haykakan leṙnašxarh ; also known as the Armenian Upland, Armenian plateau, or Armenian tableland) is the most central and the highest of the three plateaus that together form the northern sector of … Armenia has been populated since prehistoric times, and has been proposed as the site of the biblical Garden of Eden. LDS doctrine is unclear as to the exact location of the Garden of Eden, but tradition among Latter-Day Saints places it somewhere in the vicinity of Adam-ondi-Ahman, or in Jackson County.[41][42]. [21], Suggestions for the location of the Garden of Eden include:[5] at its source of the rivers, while others, including Juris Zarins have looked at the head of the Persian Gulf, in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run into the sea;[6] and in the Armenian Highlands or Armenian Plateau. Duncan, Joseph E. Milton's Earthly Paradise: A Historical Study of Eden. [1] To the southwest is Mesopotamia (or Fertile Crescent). [30], In modern Jewish eschatology it is believed that history will complete itself and the ultimate destination will be when all mankind returns to the Garden of Eden. And the name of the second river is Gihon, which is the circumnavigator of the land of Cush. Despite the Biblical account, the Quran mentions only one tree in Eden, the tree of immortality, which God specifically claimed it was forbidden to Adam and Eve. It is assumed that this garden is located in the Ararat Valley. The Euphrates and Tigris both begin in Turkey not far from where Noah’s Ark landed in the Armenian Highlands, (see: Where Was Noah’s Flood?). Since the 1040s, the highlands have been under the rule of various Turkic peoples and the Safavid dynasty, with pockets of Armenian autonomy in places such as Artsakh. University Of Minnesota Press, pp. 2007. Last of all, God made a woman (Eve) from a rib of the man to be a companion for the man. Return to the Sources: Paradise in Armenia, in: Mapping Paradise: A History of Heaven on Earth. [26], According to Jewish eschatology,[27][28] the higher Gan Eden is called the "Garden of Righteousness". [10] Historically, the Armenian Highlands have been the scene of great volcanic activity. Its total area is about 400,000 km2. [17] In the Early Iron Age, the Kingdom of Van controlled much of the region, until it was overthrown by the Medes and Orontid dynasty. Suggestions for the location of the Garden of Eden include: at its source of the rivers, while others, including Juris Zarins have looked at the head of the Persian Gulf, in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run into the … [15], From 4000 to 1000 BC, tools and trinkets of copper, bronze and iron were commonly produced in this region and traded in neighboring lands where those metals were less abundant. [10] Its northeastern parts are also known as Lesser Caucasus, which is a center of Armenian culture. Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat, upon which Noah's Ark came to rest after the flood. In Genesis 2:10-14, it is written that a river in Eden was separated into four rivers. [28] This Jewish rabbinical concept of a higher Gan Eden is opposed by the Hebrew terms gehinnom[29] and sheol, figurative names for the place of spiritual purification for the wicked dead in Judaism, a place envisioned as being at the greatest possible distance from heaven. Within the garden is a pillar of fire and smoke that extends to the higher Gan Eden, which the soul must climb in order to reach the higher Gan Eden. By 1516, the Ottoman Empire had conquered all of the Armenian lands, including Cilicia.[22][23]. When one dies, one's soul must pass through the lower Gan Eden in order to reach the higher Gan Eden. [24] Eastern Armenia, the other major part of the Highlands, stayed in Iranian hands up to the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay, when it was ceded to Imperial Russia. [25], The Highlands saw a massive demographic shift after the Armenian Genocide and fall of the Ottoman Empire, with Western Armenia being relabeled "Eastern Anatolia". Other proposed locations include Azerbaijan, the Armenian Highlands, and the Armenian Plateau. Overview of Mormon Beliefs – Mormonism 101", The Creation of the World and Other Business, Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garden_of_Eden&oldid=1018897836, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 April 2021, at 13:56. Adam is said to have dwelt only in the Gan, whereas Eden is said never to be witnessed by any mortal eye. Beyond Paradise is the higher Gan Eden, where God is enthroned and explains the Torah to its inhabitants. Seljuk Turks first arrived in the Armenian highlands in the 1040s and expanded westward, conquering territories and populating the peninsula until finally the Ottoman Empire was declared in 1299. There are several mentions of "the Garden" in the Qur'an (2:35, 7:19, 20:117, 61:12), while the Garden of Eden, without the word ʿadn,[33] is commonly the fourth layer of the Islamic heaven and not necessarily thought as the dwelling place of Adam. [21], In 1410 the area was ruled by the Kara Koyunlu, who ruled until 1468. Michelangelo depicted a scene at the Garden of Eden in the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The waters of the Araks and its tributaries irrigate the Ararat valley, where the annual rainfall is only 250-300 mm. 189+ Homes for Sale. [1] Clockwise starting from the west, the Armenian Highlands are bounded by the Anatolian plateau, the Caucasus, the Kura-Aras lowlands, the Iranian Plateau, and Mesopotamia. The Garden of Eden by Lucas Cranach der Ältere, a 16th-century German depiction of Eden, The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Pieter Paul Rubens, c. 1615, depicting both domestic and exotic wild animals such as tigers, parrots and ostriches co-existing in the garden. [7] Recent studies have shown that Armenians are indigenous to the Armenian Highlands and form a distinct genetic isolate in the region. ", "What is Mormonism? Much of Milton's Paradise Lost occurs in the Garden of Eden. Oh Tigris descending Armenian highlands, Oh Euphrates born in Kurdistan, watering Kunsa’s. Among scholars who consider it to have been real, there have been various suggestions for its location:[5] at the head of the Persian Gulf, in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run into the sea;[6] and in Armenia. Iron age metallurgy as well as apricots have their origin in the Armenian Plateau and were later on introduced to Europe. There are signs of considerable genetic admixture in Armenians between 3000 BC and 2000 BC, these mixture dates also coincide with the legendary establishment of Armenia in 2492 BCE,[9] but they subside to insignificant levels since 1200 BC, remaining stable until today. In Ezekiel 28:12–19 the prophet Ezekiel the "son of man" sets down God's word against the king of Tyre: the king was the "seal of perfection", adorned with precious stones from the day of his creation, placed by God in the garden of Eden on the holy mountain as a guardian cherub. [11], The second part of the Genesis creation narrative, Genesis 2:4–3:24, opens with YHWH-Elohim (translated here "the LORD God", see Names of God in Judaism) creating the first man (Adam), whom he placed in a garden that he planted "eastward in Eden". UNESCO World Heritage Site. Michael Sanders says that the Garden of Eden is in eastern Turkey because the Tigris and Euphrates rise in the mountains there (see diagram at right). [19] The Seljuks' victory at the Battle of Manzikert made them dominant in the region. The population of the region has been primarily Armenian for most of its known history. [34] The Quran refers frequently over various Surah about the first abode of Adam and Hawwa (Eve), including surat Sad, which features 18 verses on the subject (38:71–88), surat al-Baqara, surat al-A'raf, and surat al-Hijr although sometimes without mentioning the location. [12] "And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil."[13]. Purgatory. And the name of the third is Chidekel, which is that which goes to the east of Ashur; and the fourth river is Phirath.″, In the Talmud and the Jewish Kabbalah,[26] the scholars agree that there are two types of spiritual places called "Garden in Eden". The Armenian Highlands (Armenian: Հայկական լեռնաշխարհ, Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian Upland, Armenian plateau, Armenian tableland, or simply Armenia) is the central-most and highest of three land-locked plateaus that together form the northern sector of the Middle East. [12] The Armenian Highlands are rich in water resources.[13]. The region was administered for most of its known history by Armenian nobility and states, whether it was as part of a fully independent Armenian state, as vassals, or as part of a foreign state. Considered the successors of the Abbasids, Sassanids and Seljuks, the Mongols eventually converted to Islam and established their dynasty in Azerbaijan. In chapter three, the man and the woman were seduced by the serpent into eating the forbidden fruit, and they were expelled from the garden to prevent them from eating of the tree of life, and thus living forever. [11] Geologically recent volcanism on the area has resulted in large volcanic formations and a series of massifs and tectonic movement has formed the three largest lakes in the Highlands; Lake Sevan, Lake Van and Lake Urmia. Garden of Eden. [1], Coordinates: 39°17′1″N 43°22′19″E / 39.28361°N 43.37194°E / 39.28361; 43.37194, Highland area in western Asia south of the Caucasus, Volcanoes, their structure and significance Thomas George Bonney - 1912 - Page 243, Der Völkermord an den Armeniern, Nikolaĭ Oganesovich Oganesian - 2005- Page 6, Mesopotamian Trade. If a soul is unworthy of entering, the sword annihilates it. Thus the birthplace of mankind is also the place of rebirth. But the king sinned through wickedness and violence, and so he was driven out of the garden and thrown to the earth, where now he is consumed by God's fire: "All those who knew you in the nations are appalled at you, you have come to a horrible end and will be no more." 11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. [35] These stories are also featured in the hadith collections, including al-Tabari. 169+ Homes for Sale. Homes for sale in Redmond WA with $0 - $1.6M. [2] Another interpretation associates the name with a Hebrew word for "pleasure"; thus the Vulgate reads "paradisum voluptatis" in Genesis 2:8 and Douay-Rheims, following, has the wording ", "Latin Vulgate Bible with Douay-Rheims and King James Version Side-by-Side+Complete Sayings of Jesus Christ", "Has the Garden of Eden been located at last? It has been created since the beginning of the world, and will appear gloriously at the end of time. Suggestions for the location of the Garden of Eden include: at its source of the rivers, while others, including Juris Zarins have looked at the head of the Persian Gulf, in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run into the sea; and in the Armenian Highlands or Armenian Plateau. It is also traditionally believed to be one of the possible locations of the Garden of Eden. However, you need to remember that metallurgy was originated within the Armenian Highlands (along with the Garden of Eden). Its Jewish and non-Jewish inhabitants are "clothed with garments of light and eternal life, and eat of the tree of life" (Enoch 58,3) near to God and His anointed ones. According to Terje Stordalen, the Eden in Ezekiel appears to be located in Lebanon. [9] The region was also inhabited during Antiquity by minorities such as Assyrians, Georgians, Greeks, Jews, and Iranians. Today, the region is divided between Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. [3], The name derives from the Akkadian edinnu, from a Sumerian word edin meaning "plain" or "steppe", closely related to an Aramaic root word meaning "fruitful, well-watered". The highlands shared their secrets with the rest of the world, introducing their findings to European and Asian civilizations. Ararat, where it is believed Noah’s Ark came to rest, were among the earliest sites of human civilization. The Caucasus extends to the northeast of the Armenian Highlands, with the Kura river forming its eastern boundary in the Kura-Aras lowlands. Many Biblical scholars have therefore placed the garden of Eden in Armenia. The Garden of Eden (Hebrew: גַּן־עֵדֶן‎ – gan-ʿḖḏen) or Garden of God (Hebrew: גַן־יְהוָה‎ – gan-Yhwh), also called the Terrestrial Paradise, is the biblical Paradise described in Genesis 2-3 and Ezekiel 28 and 31. [10] The Hebrew Bible depicts Adam and Eve as walking around the Garden of Eden naked due to their sinlessness. To its southeast is the Iranian plateau, where the elevation drops rapidly by about 600 metres (2,000 ft) to 1,500 metres (5,000 ft) above sea level. )13 The name of the second river is … (Gen. 8:4). Sheffield Academic Press, p. 30. It is recorded in the Doctrine and Covenants that Adam blessed his posterity there and that he will return to that place at the time of the final judgement[37][38] in fulfillment of a prophecy set forth in the Book of Mormon. Some claim that the name “Eden” derives from the Akkadian term edinu, which means ‘plain’.. All these contribute to our understanding of the biblical definition of the “Garden of Eden.”Jan 12, 2018 "And the Lord God had planted a paradise of pleasure". [18], The apricot, known by the Romans as the prunus armenicus (the Armenian plum), was brought to Europe from the Armenian plateau. The Bible mentions a spring in the Garden which parts into four major rivers, including Tigris and the Euphrates. In antiquity (pre-classical period) the Armenian Highlands hosted thousands of smelters for processing metal tools and … Many Biblical scholars have therefore placed the garden of Eden in Armenia. Question 245 in the Baltimore Catechism answers the question of where the Garden of Eden was located: “The exact place in which the Garden of Paradise — called also the Garden of Eden — was situated is not known, for the deluge may have so changed the surface of the earth that old landmarks … Genesis 2:10-14. The cave leads to the gate of the garden, guarded by a cherub with a flaming sword. What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden? These are the Murat River, the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the north fork of the Euphrates. Novel interpretations like this one occur from time to time throughout Zevit’s re-reading of the second, third, and fourth chapters of Genesis. From beneath the trees flow all the world's waters in the form of four rivers: Tigris, Nile, Euphrates, and Ganges. The first compartment is for Jewish martyrs, the second for those who drowned, the third for "Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai and his disciples," the fourth for those whom the cloud of glory carried off, the fifth for penitents, the sixth for youths who have never sinned; and the seventh for the poor who lived decently and studied the Torah. Not the overgrown weedy ruins of it that he and Aziraphale had visited the year before on their trip to the Armenian highlands, but the Genesis version, in full bloom, unfallen. The highlands are divided into western and eastern regions, defined by the Ararat Valley where Mount Ararat is located. The Ottoman Turks didn't take control of the highland region until 1514, several decades after Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were given millet status. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the land of Aratta is placed in a geographic space that could be describing the Armenian plateau. That place is historic Armenia. [7] The population of the Armenian Highlands seem to have had a high level of regional genetic continuity for over 6,000 years. According to the Bible, right on the Armenian Highland was situated the Garden of Eden, in the valley of the four sacred rivers: Euphrates, Tigris, Araks, or Bible Geon, and Chorokh. Prior to the appearance of nominally Armenian people in historical records, historians have hypothesized that the region must have been home to various ethnic groups who became homogenous when the Armenian language came to prominence. 2 In this region, Sanders identified four rivers and linked them with the rivers described in Genesis. The higher Gan Eden contains three hundred ten worlds and is divided into seven compartments. The Christian population of the western half of the region was exterminated during the Armenian Genocide of 1915. [15] In Antiquities of the Jews, the first-century Jewish historian Josephus identifies the Pishon as what "the Greeks called Ganges" and the Geon (Gehon) as the Nile. [26] Since the Armenian Genocide and partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the Highlands have been the boundary region of Turkey, Iran and the Soviet Union and, since the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, Armenia, and parts of Georgia and Azerbaijan. [14] In the west, the Anti-Taurus departs to the north from the Central (Cilician) Taurus, and, passing right in the middle of the Armenian plateau, parallel to the Eastern (Armenian) Taurus, ends in the east at the Ararat peaks.[1]. Ararat in historic Armenia. The man was free to eat from any tree in the garden except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. According to Biblical scripts the Garden of Eden was located in Armenian Highlands also known as the Armenian Plateau. A river went out of Eden — This river, branching itself into four streams, contributed much both to the pleasantness and fertility of the garden. Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Scafi, Alessandro. British archaeologist David Rohl locates it in Iran, and in the vicinity of Tabriz, but this suggestion has not caught on with scholarly sources. [39], Numerous early leaders of the Church, including Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and George Q. Cannon, taught that the Garden of Eden itself was located in nearby Jackson County, Missouri,[40] but there are no surviving first-hand accounts of that doctrine being taught by Joseph Smith himself. Among the legends are ones about the two Gardens of Eden. Because Tigris and Euphrates originate from the Armenian Highlands, the Garden of Eden with its tree of the knowledge of good and evil has been located in the Armenian Highlands. During the Middle Ages, Arabs and particularly Turkmens and Kurds settled in large numbers in the Armenian Highlands. The Armenian Highlands is part of the Alpide belt, forming part of the Asian range that stretches from the Pontic Mountains to the Malay Peninsula. [7][8][9], Like the Genesis flood narrative, the Genesis creation narrative and the account of the Tower of Babel, the story of Eden echoes the Mesopotamian myth of a king, as a primordial man, who is placed in a divine garden to guard the Tree of Life. It also refers to the land of Cush—translated/interpreted as Ethiopia, but thought by some to equate to Cossaea, a Greek name for the land of the Kassites. [18] "[I]t appears that the Lebanon is an alternative placement in Phoenician myth (as in Ez 28,13, III.48) of the Garden of Eden",[19] and there are connections between paradise, the garden of Eden and the forests of Lebanon (possibly used symbolically) within prophetic writings. And the gold of this land is good; there are bdellium and cornelian stone. After the fall of man, the world was no longer irrigated by this water. The idyll of "Naming Day in Eden" was less often depicted. Tigris and Euphrates both have their headwaters in the area surrounding Mt. With their arrival, Armenia became part of "the East" in its entirety for the first time since the territory was partitioned during the Byzantine–Sasanian wars. The highlands shared their secrets with the rest of the world, introducing their findings to European and Asian civilizations alike. 10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. In 1468, the Ak Koyunlu Turks assumed power; their reign lasted until 1502 when the Safavids brought Armenia under Iranian rule. Encyclopædia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Highlands&oldid=1016500078, Wikidata value to be checked for Infobox mountain, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 April 2021, at 14:19. Encyclopædia Britannica. It is also called in Genesis the Garden of Yahweh, the God of Israel. 96, 212. [32], The term jannāt ʿadni ("Gardens of Eden" or "Gardens of Perpetual Residence") is used in the Qur'an for the destination of the righteous. It’s commonly assumed that the Garden of Eden was located in the Armenian Highlands, also known as the Armenian Plateau. 2002. Consequently, the sum of the counts over all the ancestries most often exceeds the total population of the entity. Ararat in historic Armenia. Where he found himself was the Garden of Eden. [18] In Antiquity, the population living on the Highlands was ethnically diverse, but in the Achaemenid period (550–330 BC), Armenian-speakers came to prominence. West, 2009, p. 47, Robert Bedrosian,"Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods," in, The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies - Page 3, by Richard G. Hovannisian - 2011, "AN ADMIXTURE SIGNAL IN ARMENIANS AROUND THE END OF THE BRONZE AGE REVEALS WIDESPREAD POPULATION MOVEMENT ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST", "Genetic evidence for an origin of the Armenians from Bronze Age mixing of multiple populations", "Armenian Highland." [4], The location of Eden is described in the Book of Genesis as the source of four tributaries. The Garden of Eden by Thomas Cole (c. 1828), After wandering through the Garden of Eden, Eve takes the forbidden fruit while Lilith speaks to Adam (by Carl Poellath, c. 1886), "Terrestrial Paradise" redirects here. The way to the garden is the Cave of Machpelah that Adam guards. 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Introduced to Europe 10 a river in Eden was separated into four rivers and linked with... The Highlands surrounding the Biblical earthly Paradise created by God to be inhabited by his first creation. Eden encompassed a large geographical region, God made a woman ( Eve ) a... Good and evil that could be describing the Armenian Highlands, it is believed Noah ’ Ark. Crescent ) enthroned and explains the Torah to its inhabitants Azerbaijan, the sword annihilates it, marrying as grand. Entering, the region was exterminated during the iron age metallurgy as well as apricots have headwaters! The Abbasids, Sassanids and Seljuks, the sword annihilates it location of Eden waters the. Tigris and the Euphrates or Fertile Crescent ) center of Armenian highland ridges, running from west to east western! 0 - $ 1.6M 250-300 mm Georgians, Greeks, Jews, Louis Ginzberg Jewish... British Library-University of Chicago Press, pp Ak Koyunlu Turks undermined agricultural practices in Armenia water resources [... Waters of the world, armenian highlands garden of eden has been proposed as the site of the world was longer.

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